In the brain, norepinephrine increases arousal and alertness, promotes vigilance, enhances formation and retrieval of memory, and focuses attention it also increases restlessness and anxiety. Norepinephrine release is lowest during sleep, rises during wakefulness, and reaches much higher levels during situations of stress or danger, in the so-called fight-or-flight response. The general function of norepinephrine is to mobilize the brain and body for action. Regardless of which name is used for the substance itself, parts of the body that produce or are affected by it are referred to as noradrenergic. "Norepinephrine" is also the international nonproprietary name given to the drug. The name "noradrenaline" (from Latin ad, "near", and ren, "kidney") is more commonly used in the United Kingdom, whereas "norepinephrine" (from Ancient Greek ἐπῐ́ ( epí), "upon", and νεφρός ( nephrós), "kidney") is usually preferred in the United States. Norepinephrine ( NE), also called noradrenaline ( NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as both a hormone and neurotransmitter.
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